Dry Needling

What is Dry Needling?

Dry needling involves inserting a thin, solid needle directly into a myofascial trigger point: a hyperirritable spot within a taut band of muscle fibre. The needle contains no medication, which is why the technique is called “dry.” The mechanical stimulation of the needle disrupts the dysfunctional motor endplate activity at the trigger point, releasing the muscle contraction and restoring normal fibre length. This local effect also reduces the chemical irritants that sensitise nearby pain receptors.

The procedure targets the muscular and connective tissue layer specifically. It is distinct from acupuncture in intent and application: we place needles based on musculoskeletal anatomy and palpation of active trigger points, not on meridian theory. A local twitch response, a brief involuntary contraction of the muscle, confirms the needle has engaged the trigger point and is associated with better outcomes.

What conditions does it treat?

Dry needling is most effective for myofascial pain: pain driven by trigger points in specific muscles that also refers pain to other areas. We use it regularly for neck pain and cervicogenic headache arising from the suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles, for shoulder pain involving the rotator cuff and periscapular muscles, and for knee pain where the quadriceps or iliotibial band trigger points are contributing. It works well as a complement to exercise rehabilitation, reducing muscle tightness enough to allow loading that would otherwise be too painful.

What to expect

Before: No specific preparation is needed. Tell your physiotherapist about any blood thinners, skin infections in the area, or needle phobia. Wear or bring clothing that allows easy access to the area being treated.

During: The physiotherapist palpates the muscle to locate the trigger point, then inserts the needle. You may feel a brief, deep ache or a local twitch response as the needle engages the tight band. Sessions typically last 20 to 40 minutes, with needles left in place for a few minutes or manipulated gently.

After: Mild soreness in the treated muscle is common for 24 to 48 hours, similar to post-exercise stiffness. Gentle movement and heat can help. Most patients notice improved range of motion and reduced pain within one to three sessions; a typical course is four to six sessions alongside active rehabilitation.